TOI-5375 B: A Very Low Mass Star at the Hydrogen-burning Limit Orbiting an Early M-type Star

Abstract

The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission detected a companion orbiting TIC 71268730, categorized it as a planet candidate, and designated the system TOI-5375. Our follow-up analysis using radial-velocity data from the Habitable-zone Planet Finder, photometric data from Red Buttes Observatory, and speckle imaging with NN-EXPLORE Exoplanet Stellar Speckle Imager determined that the companion is a very low mass star near the hydrogen-burning mass limit with a mass of 0.080 +/- 0.002M(circle dot) (83.81 +/- 2.10M(J)), a radius of 0.1114(-0.0050)(+0.0048)R(circle dot) (1.0841(0.0487)(0.0467)R(J)), and brightness temperature of 2600 +/- 70 K. This object orbits with a period of 1.721553 +/- 0.000001 days around an early M dwarf star (0.62 +/- 0.016M(circle dot)). TESS photometry shows regular variations in the host star's TESS light curve, which we interpreted as an activity-induced variation of similar to 2%, and used this variability to measure the host star's stellar rotation period of 1.9716(-0.0083)(+0.0080) days. The TOI-5375 system provides tight constraints on stellar models of low-mass stars at the hydrogen-burning limit and adds to the population in this important region.