Predicting Physical Activity Following Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Longitudinal Observational Study

Abstract

Purpose: The adoption of a healthy lifestyle is crucial for patients with established cardiac diseases. However, many patients do not engage in regular physical activity in their everyday life. Research Method: The present study applied the health action process approach (HAPA) in an intensive longitudinal research design (n = 3,354 daily surveys) investigating intention towards physical activity and objectively measured physical activity in 137 cardiac patients (M-age = 62.1 years) during and after inpatient rehabilitation across 28 days. Self-reported HAPA variables were measured daily in online questionnaires at the end of each day. Theory-driven hypotheses were tested using linear multilevel models.Results: One-third of the sample did not reach the recommended physical activity levels in the first weeks after discharge from rehabilitation. Results are mostly in line with the motivational HAPA phase at both levels of analysis; outcome expectations and self-efficacy were positively associated with intentions. Results for the volitional phase were partly in line with the HAPA. Daily deviations in previous-day planning and concurrent action control were positively associated with physical activity during and after cardiac rehabilitation. Conclusion: The results of this study partly speak towards the HAPA in predicting physical activity in cardiac patients, thereby replicating prior research. The HAPA framework offers guidance for motivating and empowering cardiac patients to be more active in their everyday life.