The effect of 1H offset and flip-angle on heteronuclear decoupling efficiency in ROSPAC pulsed sequence: A Floquet description

Abstract

A new heteronuclear decoupling sequence for solid-state NMR and magic angle spinning faster than 60 kHz was recently introduced [Simion et al., J. Chem. Phys. 157, 014202 (2022)]. It was dubbed ROtor-Synchronized Phase-Alternated Cycles (ROSPAC), and it offers robustness for a large range of chemical shifts and low radio-frequency (RF) powers and is almost independent of the radio-frequency power. Here, we theoretically explore the robustness of the ROSPAC sequence toward 1H offset and RF field inhomogeneities, as well as the spacing effect of the π pulses on the decoupling efficiency. We use a generalized theoretical framework based on the Floquet theory to assess these parameters. The optimum decoupling conditions, where the magnitude of the second-order cross-terms and first-order resonance conditions are small, were identified.