Show simple item record

dc.contributor.author
Bosina, Ernst
dc.contributor.supervisor
Weidmann, Ulrich
dc.contributor.supervisor
Bierlaire, Michel
dc.contributor.supervisor
Seyfried, Armin
dc.date.accessioned
2018-10-23T13:56:07Z
dc.date.available
2018-10-16T11:52:12Z
dc.date.available
2018-10-16T14:10:29Z
dc.date.available
2018-10-17T07:12:22Z
dc.date.available
2018-10-23T13:56:07Z
dc.date.issued
2018
dc.identifier.isbn
978-3-905826-47-0
en_US
dc.identifier.uri
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/296226
dc.identifier.doi
10.3929/ethz-b-000296226
dc.description.abstract
The pedestrian fundamental diagram, which describes the relationship between speed, flow and density, is one of the key concepts for the design of pedestrian facilities. It allows to determine the capacity of facilities as well as to calculate estimated walking times, for example when changing trains. In the last decades, laboratory and field measurements have been conducted to obtain the fundamental diagram for different situations. Based on this it was revealed that the fundamental diagram differs significantly between different locations and pedestrian compositions. Various parameters which significantly influence the shape of the fundamental diagram curve have been determined. Thus, poor results might occur when using a general form of the fundamental diagram for design purpose. Still, only either fundamental diagrams measured in a single setting or ones aggregating these measurements are available. No comprehensive model was found which is able to describe the differences observed as well as being able to estimate fundamental diagrams for other pedestrian compositions. Currently, an estimation of a specific fundamental diagram without corresponding empirical data is not possible. The idea of this thesis is to address this research gap by creating a generic model, which describes the main walking principles and the interaction between pedestrians. Using this model allows to generate situation specific fundamental diagrams. In addition, the underlying principles which determine the shape of the fundamental diagram are determined and the effect of different influence factors on human walking can be studied. By applying situation specific input parameter values, it shall be possible to generate situation specific fundamental diagrams useful for the design of pedestrian facilities. The model creation was done in two steps. As a basis for the quantitative fundamental diagram model, a qualitative generic walking model was developed. A comprehensive overview of the basic principles of walking and the interaction of pedestrian was given in the generic walking model. This was done by combining individual findings available in literature. Starting from a simple case, where a pedestrian is walking alone at constant speed, the model is extended to include all relevant influences on a pedestrian. The generic pedestrian walking model was then used as a basis for the fundamental diagram model. Here, a microscopic model was established where also the distribution of input parameter values can be simulated. Again, first a simple model was set up and complexity was added step by step. In the end a model was created based on lane movement of pedestrians, where lane swapping is possible to enable overtaking. For the model setup, a thoroughly literature review was performed at the beginning of this work. A special focus was laid on the pedestrian walking speed. The different influences on the free flow walking speed were collected and their effect was estimated. In addition, a definition of the fundamental diagram useful for this work and a detailed discussion on the time aspect of the Level of Service concept, which is closely linked to the fundamental diagram, was made in connection to the literature review. For the calibration and validation of the model, empirical data already available from experiments and real-life measurements was used. This allowed to cover a wide range of different setting in the validation. In conclusion, the validation showed that the model is expected to provide adequately accurate and useful results for the expected scope of application. Using the model it was possible to accept the research question stating that it is possible to create a generic pedestrian fundamental diagram model. This can be used to estimate specific fundamental diagrams. However, it was found that although the model is based strongly on the basic principles of walking, the estimation of the input parameters can be challenging. Still, for experienced users it is expected that the model will provide better results than general fundamental diagrams currently used. The validated model is ready to be used to estimate situation specific fundamental diagrams. This was done for different scenarios, for example for the expected situation in 2050 or to determine the effect of the mixture of commuters and shoppers on the pedestrian flow. In the future scenario it was shown that the assumed trends result in reduced walking speeds, especially at higher densities. Here, the model allows for the first time to evaluate the effect of different changes and the simulation of fundamental diagrams for situations, where no empirical data is available.
en_US
dc.format
application/pdf
en_US
dc.language.iso
en
en_US
dc.publisher
Institut für Verkehrsplanung und Transportsysteme (IVT), ETH Zürich
en_US
dc.rights.uri
http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC-NC/1.0/
dc.subject
Pedestrian
en_US
dc.subject
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC (TRANSPORTATION AND TRAFFIC)
en_US
dc.subject
Pedestrian design
en_US
dc.subject
Pedestrian dynamics
en_US
dc.subject
pedestrian interaction
en_US
dc.subject
Pedestrian Movement
en_US
dc.subject
Fundamental diagram
en_US
dc.subject
Level of Service
en_US
dc.title
A New Generic Approach to the Pedestrian Fundamental Diagram
en_US
dc.type
Doctoral Thesis
dc.rights.license
In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted
ethz.journal.title
IVT Schriftenreihe
ethz.journal.volume
183
en_US
ethz.size
418 p.
en_US
ethz.code.ddc
DDC - DDC::6 - Technology, medicine and applied sciences::624 - Civil engineering
ethz.code.ddc
DDC - DDC::3 - Social sciences::380 - Commerce, communications, transport
ethz.identifier.diss
25414
en_US
ethz.publication.place
Zürich
en_US
ethz.publication.status
published
en_US
ethz.leitzahl
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02115 - Dep. Bau, Umwelt und Geomatik / Dep. of Civil, Env. and Geomatic Eng.::02610 - Inst. f. Verkehrspl. u. Transportsyst. / Inst. Transport Planning and Systems::03674 - Weidmann, Ulrich / Weidmann, Ulrich
en_US
ethz.leitzahl
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02115 - Dep. Bau, Umwelt und Geomatik / Dep. of Civil, Env. and Geomatic Eng.::02610 - Inst. f. Verkehrspl. u. Transportsyst. / Inst. Transport Planning and Systems
en_US
ethz.leitzahl
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02100 - Dep. Architektur / Dep. of Architecture::02655 - Netzwerk Stadt u. Landschaft ARCH u BAUG / Network City and Landscape ARCH and BAUG
*
ethz.leitzahl.certified
ETH Zürich::00002 - ETH Zürich::00012 - Lehre und Forschung::00007 - Departemente::02115 - Dep. Bau, Umwelt und Geomatik / Dep. of Civil, Env. and Geomatic Eng.::02610 - Inst. f. Verkehrspl. u. Transportsyst. / Inst. Transport Planning and Systems::03674 - Weidmann, Ulrich / Weidmann, Ulrich
en_US
ethz.relation.isSupplementedBy
10.3929/ethz-b-000290796
ethz.date.deposited
2018-10-16T11:52:13Z
ethz.source
FORM
ethz.eth
yes
en_US
ethz.availability
Open access
en_US
ethz.rosetta.installDate
2018-10-16T14:10:44Z
ethz.rosetta.lastUpdated
2020-02-15T15:36:03Z
ethz.rosetta.exportRequired
true
ethz.rosetta.versionExported
true
ethz.COinS
ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.atitle=A%20New%20Generic%20Approach%20to%20the%20Pedestrian%20Fundamental%20Diagram&rft.jtitle=IVT%20Schriftenreihe&rft.date=2018&rft.volume=183&rft.au=Bosina,%20Ernst&rft.isbn=978-3-905826-47-0&rft.genre=unknown&
 Search print copy at ETH Library

Files in this item

Thumbnail

Publication type

Show simple item record